LLC Charging Order Protection by State
State-by-state matrix. Cite within scope, source dates, and limitations shown below.
| State | Exclusive Remedy | Single Member Carveout | Statute Citation | Single Member Foreclosure Posture | Multi Member Foreclosure Posture | Case Law Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Ala. Code Sec. 10A-5A-5.03 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| AKchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | AS 10.50.380 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| AZchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | A.R.S. Sec. 29-3503 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| ARchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | Yes | Ark. Code Sec. 4-38-503 (as amended by Act 795 of 2023 / HB1020) | Available | Available | Unknown |
| CAchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Cal. Corp. Code Sec. 17705.03 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| COchecked 2026-10-01 | No | No | C.R.S. Sec. 7-80-703 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| CTchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Conn. Gen. Stat. Sec. 34-259b | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| DEchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | 6 Del. C. Sec. 18-703 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| DCchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | Yes | DC Code Sec. 29-805.03 | Available on a showing | Available on a showing | Unknown |
| FLchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | Yes | Fla. Stat. Sec. 605.0503 | Available on a showing | Barred | Unknown |
| GAchecked 2026-10-01 | No | No | O.C.G.A. Sec. 14-11-504 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| HIchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | HRS Sec. 428-504 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| IDchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | Yes | Idaho Code Sec. 30-25-503 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| ILchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | 805 ILCS 180/30-20 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| INchecked 2026-10-01 | No | No | IC 23-18-6-7 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| IAchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | Yes | Iowa Code Sec. 489.503 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| KSchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | K.S.A. 17-76,113 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| KYchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | KRS 275.260 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| LAchecked 2026-10-01 | No | No | La. R.S. 12:1331 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| MEchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | 31 M.R.S. Sec. 1573 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| MDchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Md. Code, Corps. & Ass'ns Sec. 4A-607 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| MAchecked 2026-10-01 | No | No | Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156C, Sec. 40 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| MIchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | MCL 450.4507 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| MNchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Minn. Stat. Sec. 322C.0503 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| MSchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Miss. Code Sec. 79-29-705 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| MOchecked 2026-10-01 | No | No | RSMo 347.119 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| MTchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | MCA 35-8-705 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| NEchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Neb. Rev. Stat. Sec. 21-142 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| NVchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | NRS 86.401 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| NHchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | Yes | RSA 304-C:126 | Available | Barred | Unknown |
| NJchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | N.J.S. 42:2C-43 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| NMchecked 2026-10-01 | No | No | N.M. Stat. Ann. § 53-19-35 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| NYchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | NY LLC Law § 607 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| NCchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | N.C. Gen. Stat. § 57D-5-03 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| NDchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | N.D. Cent. Code § 10-32.1-45 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| OHchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Ohio Rev. Code § 1706.342 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| OKchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | 18 O.S. § 2034 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| ORchecked 2026-10-01 | No | No | ORS 63.259 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| PAchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | Yes | 15 Pa.C.S. § 8853 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| RIchecked 2026-10-01 | No | No | R.I. Gen. Laws § 7-16-37 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| SCchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | S.C. Code § 33-44-504 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| SDchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | S.D. Codified Laws § 47-34A-504 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| TNchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Tenn. Code Ann. § 48-249-509 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| TXchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Tex. Bus. Orgs. Code Sec. 101.112 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
| UTchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | Yes | Utah Code § 48-3a-503 | Available on a showing | Available on a showing | Unknown |
| VTchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | Yes | 11 V.S.A. § 4074 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| VAchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Va. Code § 13.1-1041.1 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| WAchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | RCW 25.15.256 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| WVchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | W. Va. Code § 31B-5-504 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| WIchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | Yes | Wis. Stat. § 183.0503 | Available | Available | Unknown |
| WYchecked 2026-10-01 | Yes | No | Wyo. Stat. Ann. Sec. 17-29-503 | Barred | Barred | Unknown |
Field definitions
- Exclusive Remedy
- is a charging order the judgment creditor's exclusive remedy against an LLC membership interest?
- Single Member Carveout
- does the state carve single-member LLCs out of charging-order exclusivity (weaker protection)?
- Statute Citation
- the authorizing state statute
- Single Member Foreclosure Posture
- may a judgment creditor foreclose on (force the sale of) a single-member LLC's charging-order interest, per the state's own LLC act?
- Multi Member Foreclosure Posture
- may a judgment creditor foreclose on (force the sale of) a multi-member LLC's charging-order interest, per the state's own LLC act?
- Case Law Status
- has litigated case law addressing this state's charging-order foreclosure remedy been confirmed for this matrix?
Field definitions are listed below the table. Hover a cell for its source note. Typed unknowns (e.g., “Portal not observable”) are methodological limits, not data gaps.
Reading the Unknown and case law columns: "Exclusive remedy" means the statute makes the charging order the creditor's only remedy. "Foreclosure (single-member / multi-member)" means whether the statute expressly allows or bars foreclosure for that member count; "Unknown" means the statute does not address it. "Case law" means court decisions have not yet been reviewed for this table.
Research scope
All 51 US jurisdictions (50 states + DC). A charging order directs an LLC to redirect a member's distributions to a judgment creditor without giving the creditor a vote or a right to force a sale of LLC assets. "Exclusive remedy" states describe the charging order as a creditor's only procedural vehicle — but that label does not mean foreclosure is barred in every such state: several (DC, Hawaii, Arkansas, Idaho) permit foreclosure once distributions won't satisfy the debt in a reasonable time, while others (Texas, Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Connecticut) bar foreclosure outright. A minority (Colorado, Georgia) do not treat the charging order as exclusive at all. Single-member LLCs are carved out of full protection in a real minority of states — some (DC, Arkansas, Idaho) convert a sole-member foreclosure purchaser into a full LLC member, a materially weaker outcome than the transferable-interest-only result multi-member LLCs get elsewhere.
How to read this matrix
Each row is a U.S. state. exclusive_remedy and single_member_carveout are textual readings of the state's own LLC act — where a section is silent on foreclosure or on single-vs-multi-member treatment, the note field says so explicitly rather than inferring an answer the statute does not state. Typed unknowns mark states not yet primary-source-verified under the methodology at /about/methodology/.
Sources
Primary-source citations per row live in the matrix's sources.json companion, bound to the domestic-LLC statute line specifically. The full source taxonomy lives at /about/source-registry/.
Private Pierce is not a law firm.
Private Pierce does not provide legal advice.
This page is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney.
Frequently asked questions
What is a charging order?
A charging order is a court order directing an LLC to pay a member's distributions to a judgment creditor instead of the member, without giving the creditor a vote or a right to force the sale of LLC assets. Most states make it the starting point for a personal judgment against an LLC owner.
Does 'exclusive remedy' mean my LLC interest can never be foreclosed?
Not in every state. Several states labeled 'exclusive remedy' in this matrix still permit foreclosure once distributions won't satisfy the debt in a reasonable time (e.g., DC, Hawaii, Arkansas, Idaho) — 'exclusive' describes the procedural vehicle, not an absolute bar. A minority of states (Colorado, Georgia) do not treat the charging order as exclusive at all and explicitly allow other remedies.
Are single-member LLCs protected the same as multi-member LLCs?
No, in a meaningful minority of states. Some (DC, Arkansas, Idaho) convert a sole-member foreclosure purchaser into a full LLC member — a materially weaker outcome than the transferable-interest-only result multi-member LLCs get. Others (Texas, Alaska, Connecticut) explicitly extend full protection to single-member LLCs by name in the statute text.
Where do these citations come from?
Each row cites the state's own LLC act provision on charging orders directly, with a source URL and on-disk snapshot, bound to the domestic-LLC line specifically (not a foreign-LLC or corporate sibling provision).